Name:- Hetal Dabhi
Paper no:-6
Assignment
The Novelist of the Victorian age
Victorian novel is one of the most outstanding literary products of this age.
It has already happened and became practically the mirror of the age, reflecting many situations and the fundamental contradictions of it, and a sort of source of discussion (the social, political and economic complexity has grown).
The production of the novel was so large that defined three stages of development: Early-Victorian novel, Mid-Victorian novel and Late-Victorian novel.
Victorian novelists
The majority of authors dealt with the industrial society, so with industrial problems and labour force in a time of progress.
Social-problem novel → Gaskell
Concentrating on the social problem deriving from industrial development is Elizabeth Gaskell.
Concerned with turmoil years – Hungry Forties
The most difficult time for the lower classes was during the Hungry Forties.
Set in contemporary England (world of workers and Chartism)
One characteristic that links the Victorian novel with the Augustan one is that authors set their novel always in a contemporary situation.
“Mary Barton” 1848 – realistic portrayal of new phenomenon of industrial cities and its real people - human picture of the working class – desperation, bitterness of social conditions + bare display of HATRED of factory owners - tragic heroes very difficult reality
Movement of workers trying to obtain some rights.
Elizabeth Gaskell inquired into the world of workers.
Gaskell is one of the authors who most realistically did that: other authors as Dickens did that more symbolically, sentimentally and less realistically, in order to attract higher classes attention: she did not modify the picture.
Dickens instead slightly modified it trying to propose similar topics in terms for larger discussion and also proposing them in a sentimental ways.
Novel of Manners → Thackeray
The Novel of Manners became a real genre.
Sentimental-Humanitarian Novel → Dickens
Even if the working class was not Dickens’ primary interest, it became later.
Psychological Novel → Bronte, Stevenson
Part of their Psychological Novel was the so-called children’s literature.
Stevenson was also very famous for his adventure novel.
Naturalitic Novel → Hardy
Hardy is an author who became the only representative of naturalism in England, in fact he’s compared with Verga.
He dealt with the peasant class, taking into consideration the woman, the weakest member, who was, in his very objective and realistic view, a beautiful young woman. He became a scandalous author and was banned: he dealt with rape and suicide of children, proposing a very harsh reality.
He succeeded in representing a very different situation and in proposing a deeper philosophical view, influenced by great authors as Schopenhauer and Darwin, describing a universe where God has left man, who has no power, completely alone.
He introduced the concept of fate, the so-called insensible chance.
Nonsensical Novel → Carrol (fantasy/ psychology)
Detective Story → Conan Doyle
Another product of the age was the Detective Story, born in the reality of London with its very crime high rate: Doyle tried to reflect this reality.
He invented in fact Sherlock Holmes.
He focused on a very different world.
1. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë
Marred only by the fact that Charlotte clearly liked Mr Rochester too much; but we can forgive her that. Often given to schoolchildren to read, but you have to be a grown-up to really get it. Has to be one of the most perfectly structured novels of all time.
2. Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
A story of the traumas of sex and class. My favourite moment is the one where Magwitch makes his stumbling way up the shadowy staircase towards an unnerved but unsuspecting Pip: the halting but inexorable rise of the repressed 'from the darkness beneath'.
3. Vanity Fair by WM Thackeray
Deserves its spot in the top 10 if only for the wonderful Becky Sharp.
4. New Grub Street by George Gissing
A devastating study of the late-Victorian literary industry, New Grub Street still has an unnervingly modern ring. It's also a kind of anti-romance: Gissing was uncompromising in his analysis of gender relations and his exposé of the withering impact of economics upon love.
5. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë
Commonly thought of as 'romantic', but try rereading it without being astonished by the comfortableness with which Brontë's characters subject one another to extremes of physical and psychological violence.
6. Our Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens
The most resonant of Dickens's novels, with an elusive moral centre and a gallery of grotesques - Jenny Wren, the dolls' dressmaker; Mr Venus, articulator of human bones; the demented stalker Bradley Headstone; the loathsome Lammles - which, even by Dickensian standards, are really very grotesque indeed.
7. Dracula by Bram Stoker
An exercise in masculine anxiety and nationalist paranoia, Stoker's novel is filled with scenes that are staggeringly lurid and perverse. The one in Highgate cemetery, where Arthur and Van Helsing drive a stake through the writhing body of the vampirised Lucy Westenra, is my favourite.
8. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde
A heady late-Victorian tale of double-living, in which Dorian's fatal, corruptive influence over women and men alike is left suggestively indistinct.
9. Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
Another, more definitive, novel of shameful double-living. Even more so than Dorian Gray's, Mr Hyde's sordid and perhaps deviant excesses are rendered more suggestive through being left undescribed.
10. The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins
The most popular novel of the 19th century, and still one of the best plots in English literature. Notable for its marvellous villains and, like all Collins's work, for its complex, spirited and believable female characters.
NOVELS
Austen, Jane
— Mansfield Park
— Emma
— Persuasion
Brontë, Charlotte
— Jane Eyre
— Villette
Brontë, Emily
— Wuthering Heights
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward
— Paul Clifford
Collins, Wilkie
— The Moonstone
Dickens, Charles
— The Pickwick Papers
— Oliver Twist
— David Copperfield
— Bleak House
— Little Dorrit
Disraeli, Benjamin
— Sybil, or the Two Nations
Eliot, George
— Scenes from Clerical Life
— Adam Bede
— Middlemarch
— Daniel Deronda
Gaskell, Elizabeth
— Mary Barton
Gissing, George
— New Grub Street
Hardy, Thomas
— Tess of the d'Urbervilles
— Jude the Obscure
Martineau, Harriet
— Deerbrook
Meredith, George
— The Ordeal of Richard Feverel
Oliphant, Margaret v
— Miss Marjoribanks
Stevenson, Robert Louis
— The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Stoker, Bram
— Dracula
Thackeray, William Makepeace
— Vanity Fair
Trollope, Anthony
— Barchester Towers
— Dr Thorne
— The Way We Live Now
— Autobiobgraphy
Trollope, Fanny
— The Widow Barnaby
Wilde, Oscar
— The Picture of Dorian Gray
— The Importance of Being Earnest
Paper no:-6
Assignment
The Novelist of the Victorian age
Victorian novel is one of the most outstanding literary products of this age.
It has already happened and became practically the mirror of the age, reflecting many situations and the fundamental contradictions of it, and a sort of source of discussion (the social, political and economic complexity has grown).
The production of the novel was so large that defined three stages of development: Early-Victorian novel, Mid-Victorian novel and Late-Victorian novel.
Victorian novelists
The majority of authors dealt with the industrial society, so with industrial problems and labour force in a time of progress.
Social-problem novel → Gaskell
Concentrating on the social problem deriving from industrial development is Elizabeth Gaskell.
Concerned with turmoil years – Hungry Forties
The most difficult time for the lower classes was during the Hungry Forties.
Set in contemporary England (world of workers and Chartism)
One characteristic that links the Victorian novel with the Augustan one is that authors set their novel always in a contemporary situation.
“Mary Barton” 1848 – realistic portrayal of new phenomenon of industrial cities and its real people - human picture of the working class – desperation, bitterness of social conditions + bare display of HATRED of factory owners - tragic heroes very difficult reality
Movement of workers trying to obtain some rights.
Elizabeth Gaskell inquired into the world of workers.
Gaskell is one of the authors who most realistically did that: other authors as Dickens did that more symbolically, sentimentally and less realistically, in order to attract higher classes attention: she did not modify the picture.
Dickens instead slightly modified it trying to propose similar topics in terms for larger discussion and also proposing them in a sentimental ways.
Novel of Manners → Thackeray
The Novel of Manners became a real genre.
Sentimental-Humanitarian Novel → Dickens
Even if the working class was not Dickens’ primary interest, it became later.
Psychological Novel → Bronte, Stevenson
Part of their Psychological Novel was the so-called children’s literature.
Stevenson was also very famous for his adventure novel.
Naturalitic Novel → Hardy
Hardy is an author who became the only representative of naturalism in England, in fact he’s compared with Verga.
He dealt with the peasant class, taking into consideration the woman, the weakest member, who was, in his very objective and realistic view, a beautiful young woman. He became a scandalous author and was banned: he dealt with rape and suicide of children, proposing a very harsh reality.
He succeeded in representing a very different situation and in proposing a deeper philosophical view, influenced by great authors as Schopenhauer and Darwin, describing a universe where God has left man, who has no power, completely alone.
He introduced the concept of fate, the so-called insensible chance.
Nonsensical Novel → Carrol (fantasy/ psychology)
Detective Story → Conan Doyle
Another product of the age was the Detective Story, born in the reality of London with its very crime high rate: Doyle tried to reflect this reality.
He invented in fact Sherlock Holmes.
He focused on a very different world.
1. Jane Eyre by Charlotte Brontë
Marred only by the fact that Charlotte clearly liked Mr Rochester too much; but we can forgive her that. Often given to schoolchildren to read, but you have to be a grown-up to really get it. Has to be one of the most perfectly structured novels of all time.
2. Great Expectations by Charles Dickens
A story of the traumas of sex and class. My favourite moment is the one where Magwitch makes his stumbling way up the shadowy staircase towards an unnerved but unsuspecting Pip: the halting but inexorable rise of the repressed 'from the darkness beneath'.
3. Vanity Fair by WM Thackeray
Deserves its spot in the top 10 if only for the wonderful Becky Sharp.
4. New Grub Street by George Gissing
A devastating study of the late-Victorian literary industry, New Grub Street still has an unnervingly modern ring. It's also a kind of anti-romance: Gissing was uncompromising in his analysis of gender relations and his exposé of the withering impact of economics upon love.
5. Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë
Commonly thought of as 'romantic', but try rereading it without being astonished by the comfortableness with which Brontë's characters subject one another to extremes of physical and psychological violence.
6. Our Mutual Friend by Charles Dickens
The most resonant of Dickens's novels, with an elusive moral centre and a gallery of grotesques - Jenny Wren, the dolls' dressmaker; Mr Venus, articulator of human bones; the demented stalker Bradley Headstone; the loathsome Lammles - which, even by Dickensian standards, are really very grotesque indeed.
7. Dracula by Bram Stoker
An exercise in masculine anxiety and nationalist paranoia, Stoker's novel is filled with scenes that are staggeringly lurid and perverse. The one in Highgate cemetery, where Arthur and Van Helsing drive a stake through the writhing body of the vampirised Lucy Westenra, is my favourite.
8. The Picture of Dorian Gray by Oscar Wilde
A heady late-Victorian tale of double-living, in which Dorian's fatal, corruptive influence over women and men alike is left suggestively indistinct.
9. Dr Jekyll & Mr Hyde by Robert Louis Stevenson
Another, more definitive, novel of shameful double-living. Even more so than Dorian Gray's, Mr Hyde's sordid and perhaps deviant excesses are rendered more suggestive through being left undescribed.
10. The Woman in White by Wilkie Collins
The most popular novel of the 19th century, and still one of the best plots in English literature. Notable for its marvellous villains and, like all Collins's work, for its complex, spirited and believable female characters.
NOVELS
Austen, Jane
— Mansfield Park
— Emma
— Persuasion
Brontë, Charlotte
— Jane Eyre
— Villette
Brontë, Emily
— Wuthering Heights
Bulwer-Lytton, Edward
— Paul Clifford
Collins, Wilkie
— The Moonstone
Dickens, Charles
— The Pickwick Papers
— Oliver Twist
— David Copperfield
— Bleak House
— Little Dorrit
Disraeli, Benjamin
— Sybil, or the Two Nations
Eliot, George
— Scenes from Clerical Life
— Adam Bede
— Middlemarch
— Daniel Deronda
Gaskell, Elizabeth
— Mary Barton
Gissing, George
— New Grub Street
Hardy, Thomas
— Tess of the d'Urbervilles
— Jude the Obscure
Martineau, Harriet
— Deerbrook
Meredith, George
— The Ordeal of Richard Feverel
Oliphant, Margaret v
— Miss Marjoribanks
Stevenson, Robert Louis
— The Strange Case of Dr Jekyll and Mr Hyde
Stoker, Bram
— Dracula
Thackeray, William Makepeace
— Vanity Fair
Trollope, Anthony
— Barchester Towers
— Dr Thorne
— The Way We Live Now
— Autobiobgraphy
Trollope, Fanny
— The Widow Barnaby
Wilde, Oscar
— The Picture of Dorian Gray
— The Importance of Being Earnest
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